Bharat ke vibhajan aur svatntrata men mahashaktiyon ki bhumika

                                                                          

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Bharat ke vibhajan aur svatntrata men mahashaktiyon ki bhumika

azadi ki ladai ki kahani hamane kai tarah se suni hai. 15 agast bharatiy raṣṭr rajy ki purṇata prapt karane ka din hai. Lekin azadi koi ek din men nahin ai. Usake pichhe puri ek sadi ka sngharṣ raha. Aur usake bhi pichhe ek sadi ki gulami. Kam logon ko pata hoga ki 18vin, 19vin sadi tak bharat duniya ke sabase samriddh deshon men ek tha. Is vajah se duniya ke karobariyon aur hukmaranon ki nazar bharat par hoti thi. Yurop hi nahin, rus aur amerika tak bharatiy jagamagahaṭ ka jalava tha. Beshak, bharat ki gulami aur azadi ke sare abhishap aur varadan bharat ki hi kokh se nikale the, lekin duniya bhar ka paryavaraṇa apani-apani tarah se in prakriya_on ko poṣaṇa de raha tha. Aj 200 sal bad yah dekhakar kuchh hairani hoti hai ki rus aur amerika jaisi mahashaktiyan kis tarah is upamahadvip men dilachaspi leti rahin, kis tarah yahan ki qaismat ko prabhavit karane ki koshish karati rahin. Vibhajan men rus

18vin sadi tak purtagali, ḍach, angrej aur frnsisiyon ke alava rus ke mahan shasak piṭar ko pata tha ki bharat ke vyapar ka duniya (yurop) ke lie kya matalab tha. Piṭar ka niṣkarṣ tha ki ‘bharat ka vyapar vishv ka vyapar hai aur jo bhi us par adhikar karega vah yurop ka adhinayak hoga.' lekin n to piṭar ne svayn aur n hi rus ke kisi any ‘mahatvapurṇa' shasak ne bharat ko jitane ki koshish ki. Sirf ek ko chhodkar. Fransisi kranti ke bad nepoliyan se pura yurop ḍara hua tha, nepoliyan ke duragami lakṣyon men rus ko bhi jitana tha. Lekin usase pahale, bahut kam samay ke lie rus ke ek shasak rahe pŏl (pratham) ne nepoliyan ke sath milakar bharat ko jitane ki yojana banai. Lekin jab yah yojana zamin par utari gai to bich men pŏl ki hatya kar di gai. Rus ke na_e shasak elekzaenḍar ne is abhiyan ko bich men hi rok diya. Fir kisi rusi shasak ne bharat ko jitane ki yojana banai ho, isaka udaharaṇa nahin mila. Ichchha rahi hogi, to vah itihas men darj nahin hui hai. Rusi samrajy balṭik ko par nahin kar paya lekin briṭish samrajy baḍhakar isṭ men samantar rup se rus ko par kar gaya tha.

Bharatiy upamahadvip men usaki uttari sima rusi samrajy se ṭakara rahi thi. 18vin sadi ki ant men jab nepoliyan aur pŏl bharat ko jitane ki yojana bana rahe the, usi samay bharat ke pnjab men raja raṇajit sinh apana samrajy baḍha rahe the. 1818 men unhonne kashmir par adhikar kar liya tha. 1838 men pnjab ke raṇajit sinh, qabul ke shahashuja aur isṭ inḍaiya knpani ke bich ek tripakṣiy sndhi hui. Yah sndhi rusi shasakon dvara afagan aur usase lagate hue ilaqon men hastakṣep ko rokana tha. Yani rus bhale age na baḍha ho lekin briṭishars ek surakṣa divar sunishchit karana chahate the. Yah kram raṇajit sinh ke bad kashmir ke ḍaogara raja gulab sinh ke samay bhi jari raha. Gulab sinh aur bad ke raja_on ke samay kalakatta aur fir dilli men baiṭhi angreji hukumat kashmir ke uttari ilake ka prashasan sidhe apane adhikariyon ke niyntraṇa men rakhati thi. Isaki vidhivat shuruat sal 1876 men us samay hui jab bharat ke garvanar janaral ke kahane par gilagit ke ilake par nazar rakhane ke lie briṭish pŏṭilikal ŏfisar ki niyukti ki gai. 

                                                                             

Ek bar jab niyukti ho gai to koi bhi bahana banakar maharaja ko chetavani dene, un par apana niyntraṇa baḍhxane ke raste khul gae. Aisa hi ek arop sal 1888 men lagaya gaya ki maharaja rus ke zar se patr-vyavahar karate hain, jisaki prakriti rajadrohatmak hai. Aise arop ṣaḍayntr ka hissa hote the aur har bar maharaja apani shaktiyan angreji hukumat ko dete jate. Eshiya men do samrajyon ki isi pratidvndvita ko ruḍayarḍa kipaling ne ‘d greṭ gem' kaha aur ek rusi videsh mntri ka_unṭ ke. Vi. Nesalarŏḍa ne ise 'ṭurnamenṭ ŏph sheḍaoz' kaha. Yani ek aisa yuddh athava sngharṣ jo kabhi vastav men hua hi nahin, bas pratispardha hi chalati rahi. 1917 men rusi kranti ki safalata ke bad rus ki koshish dakṣiṇa men sthit turki, iran aur aphaganistan se snbndhon ko majabut karana tha. Afaganistan men vahan ke shasak amanullah aur rus ke bich snbndh ghaniṣṭh hue. Yah 1930 ka dashak tha. Donon samrajyon ki yah pratidvndvita rusi kranti se aur baḍh ga_i thi. Donon alag-alag vicharadhara_on ke pratinidhi the aur donon ki koshish zyada se zyada kṣetron ko apane pale men lene ki thi. Yahi vo vajah thi, jisane briṭishars ko upamahadvip men ek aise desh ke nirmaṇa ke lie ukasaya jo rusi samrajy ke khilaph briṭen ka madadagar ho sake. Uttar-pashchim men banane vala pakistan angrejon ki 'surakṣa divar ke lie sabase upayukt tha. Briṭish hukmaranon ko lagata tha ki svatntrata ke bad bharat ke neta rus ke viruddh shayad hi unaki koi madad karen lekin lig ke mohammad ali jinna is tarah ki har tarah ki madad ke lie hamesha taiyar the. Aur hon bhi kyon n, afagan shasak amanullah ki maut ke bad briṭen ne aphaganistan men unhin kaṭṭarapnthi shaktiyon ka sath diya, jo rus ka virodh karane vali aur lig ki tarah mazahab ko sabase upar rakhati thin. Tel ki upalabdhata ke karaṇa svatntrata ke bad briṭen ko muslim raṣṭron se sahayog bhi chahie tha, iran men tel ko lekar briṭen aur rus ki pratidvndvita chali a rahi thi. Aise men pakistan ki mang na manakar briṭen pure muslim jagat se apane rishton men khaṭas nahin lana chahata tha. Muslim lig aur jinna ne briṭen se jo vade kie the, vibhajan ke bad unhonne puri shiddat se unhen nibhaya. Siṭo (seato) aur senṭo (cento) men pakistan ki sadasyata ise pukhta karati hai

Kashmir ka mamala  

briṭishars sirf pakistan ke nirmaṇa se hi sntoṣ karane vale nahin the. Kisi ek desh men mil jane ko lekar kashmir ke raja ka ḍhulamulapan dekhakar unhonne yahan unhin snbhavana_on ko jivit kar diya, jo gulab sinh ke samay mauzud thin, ki kyon n isake uttar men ek ilaqa aisa ho, jo rus ke khilaph unake hiton ko surakṣit rakhe. 1935 men kashmir ke maharaja ne uttari hisse ki jimmedari angrejon ko 60 salon ki lij par de di thi. Ab yahan ka prashasan dilli men pŏliṭikal ḍaiparṭamenṭ dvara chalaya ja raha tha. Isake bad jab se lŏrḍa vevel ne bharat ke vibhajan ki yojana rakhi thi, unaki ichchha thi ki uttari kashmir ka ilaka sidhe unake prabhav men rahe. Aisa chahe svatntr kashmir ke sath ho ya pakistan ke sath kashmir ke vilay ki sthiti men. Bharat ke sath agar kashmir jata to angrejon ki yah manokamana puri n ho pati. Kashmir ke maharaja bhi uttar kashmir men sthit gilagit ko sidhe apane prashasanik niyntraṇa men rakhane men kaṭhina_i mahasus karate the. Ek to yahan sardiyon men mausam bahut ṭhnḍa hota, dusara maharaja ke pas itane snshadhan nahin the. Isilie pakistan ne kabayaliyon ke bheṣ men jab akramaṇa kiya to us samay is ilake ka prashasan angrejon ke hath men tha. Usake bad jo hua, ham us itihas se parichit hain. Bharat men kashmir ke vilay ke bad gilagit-balṭistan kashmir se kaṭ gaya.

Thanks My Friends….